![]() ![]() However, the human resource management system in the travel industry is confronted by several challenges such as low levels of organizational commitment and high employee turnover rates caused by insufficient wage levels, low welfare, unproductive working environment, and limited management expertise. The travel industry relies heavily on human resources thus, it is critical to effectively implement professional workforce to improve management efficiency and organizational performance (Lee, 2020). ![]() Several businesses have recently emphasized the importance of human resource management in gaining a competitive advantage to respond actively to unforeseen and threatening environmental changes (Kim, Cheon, & Lee, 2021). The conventional travel industry has reached its threshold due to internal and external environmental changes. However, most travel agencies have not adapted well to the transitions in the ecosystem and still use outdated systems such as uniform distribution channels and management systems (Chae & Kim, 2020). ![]() Furthermore, digital transformation is expected to continue accelerating rapidly even after COVID-19. Digital transformation in the travel industry is exacerbated by the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) as well as innovative changes in distribution structure. Recently, competition has intensified among travel agencies owing to the rise of global online travel agencies, diversification of tourism needs, increase in individual tourists, and direct sales of airline tickets. ![]()
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